Example images from four historical microscopes

Resolution - Italian Fruit Fly
Resolution - Italian Fruit Fly
Scalebar is 2mm across. Image is appx 28x
Scalebar is 2mm across. Image is appx 28x

Microscope 124. Vignetting, chromatic aberration, low magnification, difficult focusing. Note poor resolution, espec eye bristles.

Resolution - Cuff microscope Fruit Fly
Resolution - Cuff microscope Fruit Fly
Resolution - Cuff microscope Scale bar
Resolution - Cuff microscope Scale bar

Microscope 18. Chromatic aberration, difficult focusing, low magnification. Appx 78x. Resolution is better, but you cannot see bristles between eye lenses, only around the compound eye. This is reflected light because the scope has poor transmitted light. Axial alignment is extremely poor, so light from substage mirror misses the objective.

Resolution - Leica No. 188 Fruit Fly
Resolution - Leica No. 188 Fruit Fly
Resolution - Leica No. 188 Scale bar
Resolution - Leica No. 188 Scale bar

Microscope 188. No chromatic aberration, coarse and fine focus, very good condenser for even illumination, high magnification. Mag appx 350x. The bristles between lenses can be resolved. Stage micrometer: 10µm between shortest bars.

Resolution - Scope No. 276 Lens Grinding marks
Resolution - Scope No. 276 Lens Grinding marks
Resolution - Diatoms 2.5x Modern microscope
Resolution - Diatoms 2.5x Modern microscope

This is a picture of diatoms taken through Golub microscope 276. Look at the lens grinding marks found on the objective lens. Refraction through scratches from the circular grinding motion produce the black arcs you see here. Note also the poor imaging of the diatoms. Aberrations like this (chromatic, vignetting, low mag, light loss) were common in lenses of this era (pre 18thC). Scratches, bubbles, soot, etc are the cause of this poor lens quality.

Right is a low mag (2.5x) pix of the diatom circle using a modern compound microscope.